Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Nov 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006ihy..worke..49r&link_type=abstract
2nd UN/NASA Workshop on International Heliophysical Year and Basic Space Science. Proceedings of the conference held 27 Novembe
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Scientific paper
When we are discussing solar influence on Ionosphere, it will be helpful to remember that less than one-thousandth of the solar energy being intercepted by the planet Earth is responsible for its production and dynamics. This includes the solar wind energy intercepted by a much larger magnetosphere. But it is this small fraction of energy (in the X-rays, EUV and solar wind) that undergoes violent fluctuations during the course of a solar cycle and during such solar events as flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs).The consequences of these events are now generically dubbed as “Space Weather”. The problems created by extreme space weather events encompass a wide variety of applications of human interest. These include difficulties to satellite operations, ionosphere-reflected H.F Communications, GPS operations and even power grids and gas pipelines. I will restrict my presentation to H.F communications and to certain science elements such as anomalous plasma temperature variations measured by satellites. Particular attention will be given to increases in electron temperatures during magnetic storms in the night time when there is no photo-electron heat input. As this has a bearing on the present theory of electron thermal conduction associated with increase in neutral densities during storms, a detailed analysis will be presented using satellite data. Also the presentation will include examples of H.F communication failures especially at night time, contrary to what is expected at low latitudes. This has serious implications to the communication scenario in India in view of the high Atmospheric Radio Noise at the lower bands of the H.F. Spectrum.
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