Reproducing the Big Crater on the Asteroid Steins by Impact Simulations: Implications on the Asteroid's Internal Structure

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The mission Rosetta of the European Space Agency performed a fly-by of the asteroid (287) Steins in September 2008. The images revealed the presence of a large crater, about 2 kilometers in diameter, while the size of the asteroid itself is about 5 kilometers. Such a big crater generated some debates because surviving an impact whose energy is high enough to create this crater may not be possible for all kinds of internal structures of the asteroid. Using our SPH hydrocode which now includes two models of fragmentation, one for solid brittle materials and the other for porous materials, we looked for impact conditions and internal structures of the asteroid, represented by the amount of both micro and macro porosity, the material strength, that allow reproducing this crater. We then found that it is possible to reproduce this crater for some but not all of these internal structures and that the outcome also has implications on the surface state of the body following the impact. Results of this preliminary investigation that still needs further simulations and analyses will be presented.
P.M. acknowledges the French Programme de Planétologie and the cooperation program CNRS-JSPS 2008-2009.

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