The 2-4 Millimeter-Wavelength Opacity of Ammonia: Extensive Laboratory Measurements and a New Model

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Over 1000 laboratory measurements of the 2-4 millimeter-wavelength opacity of ammonia have been made under simulated Jovian atmospheric conditions using a high-precision laboratory system developed at Georgia Tech (Devaraj and Steffes, B.A.A.S., 40, 2008). These laboratory measurements of the opacity of ammonia were made of various gas mixtures of hydrogen ( 77.5-85.5%), helium ( 12.5-13.5%), and ammonia (1-10%) at pressures between 0.5 bar and 3 bars and temperatures between 200K and 300K. Laboratory measurements were also made of the opacity of pure ammonia at pressures between 50 mbar and 1 bar and temperatures between 200K and 300K. These measurements have given an insight into the behavior of the inversion, rotational and ╤ vibrational lines of ammonia in the millimeter-wave region. Furthermore, the 140 GHz ╤ line of ammonia which has thus far only been theoretically predicted (Shimizu, J. Chem. Phy., 51, 1969) has been measured in the laboratory. Using these measurements, a new model has been developed to accurately characterize the opacity of ammonia in the millimeter-wave region. These measurements and the model will help to better interpret the millimeter-wave emission spectrum of the Jovian planets and will also help predict the potential effects of the rotational lines on the centimeter-wave emission from the deepest levels of those atmospheres.
This work is supported by the NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program under Grant NNG06GF34G.

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