Rotation of Jupiter and Saturn and their Magnetic Envelopes

Details Rotation of Jupiter and Saturn and their Magnetic Envelopes Rotation of Jupiter and Saturn and their Magnetic Envelopes

Sep 2009

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009dps....41.2411r&link_type=abstract

American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #41, #24.11

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Scientific paper

The IAU-defined rotation rate of Jupiter is 9h 55m 29.71s, based on radio measurements of electromagnetic emissions with periodic behavior. Pioneer 10, 11, Voyager 1 and 2, Ulysses, and Galileo measurements of the Jovian magnetic field have found that the magnetic dipole axis is tilted from the rotation axis by close to 10°. The longitude of the dipole has remained almost fixed using the IAU period, confirming the assumption, tacit in the use of the radio waves, that their periodicity is controlled by the rotation of the magnetic field originating deep inside the planet. Using the full suite of magnetic measurements from the 6 spacecraft, we can refine the rotation period to 9h 55m, 29.704 ± 0.003s, which period is within the uncertainty of the IAU definition. This system III period does not order all magnetospheric phenomena, and a system IV period has been introduced to order other periodic phenomenon.
No significant dipole tilt is present at Saturn, so we do not presently have a Saturnian system III period, but we do have a period analogous to the Jovian system IV period called the SKR period, a changeable period not locked to the planet. This period is clearly controlled by the interaction of Enceladus with the ionosphere and the magnetospheric plasma. This interaction upsets the centrifugal-centripetal force balance in the corotating plasma by removing angular momentum. A quasi-three-to-one resonance with Enceladus may allow periodic density enhancements to build up, affecting the dynamics of the entire magnetosphere. Returning to Jupiter, we can learn lessons from the Saturn-Enceladus system pertinent to the Io-Jupiter system, where there is a four-to-one quasi-resonance. The System IV period appears to be the jovian equivalent of the saturnian SKR period.

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