Presolar Grains as Probes of Nucleosynthesis in Stars and Evolution of the Galaxy

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

Presolar grains are stardust extracted from meteorites. They remain intact after they formed in circumstellar envelopes or in supernova ejecta, keeping pristine information of their parent stars. The most commonly observed stellar sources are asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and supernovae (SNe). Mainstream SiC grains are believed to have formed in thermally pulsing AGB stars. Carbon, N, and 26Al observed in the grains reflect core and shell H and He burning. The Si isotopic ratios of the grains reflect both neutron capture in the He-shell and initial isotopic compositions of the parent stars. The isotopic ratios of heavy elements show s-process signatures. Silicon carbide of type X, low-density graphite, and silicon nitride (Si3N4) most likely formed in supernova ejecta. Their isotopic ratios can be explained if a jet of material from the innermost Si-rich zones is mixed with material of the outer He-rich zones. However, the SN models do not produce enough 15N and 29Si to account for the grain data.

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