Isotope fractionation related to kimberlite magmatism and diamond formation

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Biotite, Carbon Isotopes, Diamonds, Fractionation, Magma, Peridotite, Carbonates, Crystal Structure, Earth Mantle, Lithosphere, Minerals

Scientific paper

A model is proposed that explains the observed variation in the carbon isotope composition of diamonds obtained from different sources and of other carbonaceous substances as being due to isotope fractionation processes. The model is based on the interaction of reduced subasthenospheric fluid with the relatively oxidized lithosphere. It is suggested that diamonds of ultrabasic paragenesis are produced during interactions of the fluid with sheared garnet lherzolite, which is considered to be primitive mantle rock. It is suggested that, during the contact with the more oxidized mantle, the reduced carbon (CH4) may be partially converted to CO2. Isotope exchange in CO2-CH4 system, combined with Rayleigh distillation, may provide a significant isotope fractionation.

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