Other
Scientific paper
Jan 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006adspr..38...75r&link_type=abstract
Advances in Space Research, Volume 38, Issue 1, p. 75-84.
Other
Scientific paper
Observations of energetic ions of solar origin in the heliosphere suggest the existence of two main energization sites with different physical mechanisms: (1) impulsive mechanism on the flaring coronal magnetic field via resonant interaction, presumably with low-frequency electromagnetic waves; (2) gradual mechanism around the propagating, interplanetary shock by interaction with quasi-static inhomogeneous electromagnetic structure and low-frequency Alfvenic turbulence. While the coronal process enhances a subset of rare elements, the interplanetary interaction energizes most of the elements of coronal/solar wind origin. In the impulsive events, according to recent models, a significant fraction of heavy elements which reside on the active flaring flux rope is energized; the resonant interaction operates mainly on Fe and other heavy elements with high charge states. In the gradual events main energization occurs close to the Sun at low Mach numbers; significant interplanetary enhancement of energetic ion fluxes requires a narrow scale length in the propagating shock. Coupling of both processes results in the final heliospheric distribution function of the heavy elements. The enhanced energetic heavy ion population may have a profound impact on human space exploration in the interplanetary space as well as in the resulting trapped radiation in the magnetosphere.
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