The role of space techniques in the understanding of solar variability

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Solar Activity Effects, Solar Cycles, Solar Magnetic Field, Solar Rotation, Spaceborne Astronomy, Ulysses Mission, Atmospheric Effects, Energy Spectra, Irradiance, Satellite-Borne Photography, Seismology, Skylab Program, Solar Spectra, X Ray Astronomy

Scientific paper

The advantages of using space for solar observations are discussed, and include avoidance of atmospheric effects, continuous observations by satellites, and the possibilities of solar studies from other planets or from above the ecliptic plane. Space-based viewing has allowed energy spectra studies from 310 nm down to gamma ray range, although instrument degradation due to radiation has often resulted in less precise instrument performance. Hands-on calibration on the Shuttle or the Salyut space station is seen as ameliorating the problem. Solar seismology, the design of a solar probe, solar magnetic measurement, and X-ray observations of coronal holes are outlined; the Solar Polar Mission is designed to carry UV, X-ray, and gamma ray measuring equipment. X-ray points (XRP), discovered from magnetic measurements on board Skylab, revealed that XRP varies 180 deg out of phase with respect to the sunspot number. Features and origins of the UV spectra are reviewed, and the necessity for precise measurement of the absolute intensity of the chromosphere is stressed as the means of understanding solar variability.

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