Simulating the Spatial, Spectral, and Radiometric Response of Some Satellite Remote Sensing Instruments Commonly Used to Study Active Lavas

Details Simulating the Spatial, Spectral, and Radiometric Response of Some Satellite Remote Sensing Instruments Commonly Used to Study Active Lavas Simulating the Spatial, Spectral, and Radiometric Response of Some Satellite Remote Sensing Instruments Commonly Used to Study Active Lavas

Dec 2008

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008agufm.v11b2039w&link_type=abstract

American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract #V11B-2039

Other

8419 Volcano Monitoring (7280), 8485 Remote Sensing Of Volcanoes, 8494 Instruments And Techniques

Scientific paper

Satellite remote sensing provides a means to quantify active volcanism at regular, repeated temporal intervals, at a range of spatial scales, and using electromagnetic radiation at a range of visible and infrared wavelengths. Using data acquired by low spatial resolution, but high temporal resolution environmental monitoring satellites (e.g. AVHRR, MODIS, GOES) and high spatial, but low temporal resolution, sensors (e.g. Landsat Thematic Mapper, Terra ASTER), volcanologists have developed techniques for determining lava surface temperature, lava cooling rates, and lava effusion rate, amongst other things. As with all measurement techniques the imaging process acts as a filter, the exact nature of the filtering being determined by the characteristics of each individual sensor (i.e. instantaneous field of view of the imager; quantization of the data; spectral responsivity of the detectors). Volcanologists currently use many remote sensing instruments to quantify volcanic activity, and the fidelity of the imaging process (i.e. how accurately scene content is recorded in the image data), will vary from instrument to instrument. In this presentation, we simulate the response of some commonly used satellite remote sensing instruments to real lava flows. We do this by convolving the spectral radiance emitted from a series of benchmark lava flow targets with the point spread functions (electronic, optical, detector, image motion) of the instruments in question. Our benchmark data are generated by using stochastic analysis of high spatial resolution (i.e. mm scale) thermal video camera images of real lava flows. By varying the spatial and thermal characteristics of a set of simulated target scenes we demonstrate how well commonly used remote sensing instruments can be expected to record spatial and temporal variations in the properties of an active lava flow field. Our results have implications for the use of low spatial resolution remote sensing data to document effusive volcanic eruptions on Earth, and on the Jovian moon, Io.

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