Gravitational lenses

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Astronomy, Cosmology, Gravitational Effects, Gravitational Lenses, Galaxies, Quasars, Red Shift, Supernovae

Scientific paper

The expected characteristics and techniques being used to search for gravitational lens effects in viewing celestial objects are described. The existence of the effect, predicted by Einstein, was confirmed in 1919 by observing the position of a star as its light rays passed the sun and comparing the apparent position with measurements made six months earlier, when the earth was on the other side of the sun. Light from quasars passing a massive galaxy will produce three images, two inverted and one upright and distorted. It is also possible to see a supernova on one side of a galaxy followed a few seconds later by a supernova on the other side of the galaxy. Calculations of the redshift and observations of the dual quasars QSO 1548A have helped set an upper limit on the galaxy containing the quasar and proved that quasars are not supermassive galaxies. Subsequently, the quasar QSO 0957 A and B has been shown to be the same object, yet separated visually by 6.15 arcsec. One of the images is brighter than the other, and it is expected that the brightness will vary by measurable amounts over time, due to the lensing effects.

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