The cosmological coincidence problem and the nature of dark energy

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

The "why now?" or coincidence problem is endemic to quintessence models which couple dark energy to matter via gravity only. We argue that there is little reason to assume purely gravitational coupling between dark energy and dark matter since the natures of both components are still complete mysteries. Nongravitational coupling between dark energy and matter could provide a natural solution to the coincidence problem and help explain why dark energy and matter densities are comparable today. The question of nongravitational coupling can be addressed experimentally, for example by future supernova surveys or cluster observations. We show that the SNAP satellite can easily distinguish between scenarios in which matter and dark energy are conserved separately, and scenarios which solve the coincidence problem using nongravitational coupling between dark matter and dark energy. Since future surveys will place strong constraints upon the total equation of state, determining whether the present is a special time will be a snap.

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