Laboratory studies on the velocity of fragments from impact disruptions

Details Laboratory studies on the velocity of fragments from impact disruptions Laboratory studies on the velocity of fragments from impact disruptions

Jul 1993

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1993stin...9412359n&link_type=abstract

Report No. 651 Tokyo Univ., Sagamihara (Japan).

Computer Science

Sound

Angular Velocity, Ejecta, Fragments, Impact Damage, Meteorite Craters, Meteoritic Damage, Planetary Evolution, Rotating Bodies, Rotation, Size Distribution, Velocity Distribution, Aluminum Oxides, Asteroids, Basalt, Cratering, Gypsum, Lunar Craters, Meteorites, Nylon (Trademark), Scale Models, Scaling Laws, Shock Wave Propagation, Spheres, Stress Waves

Scientific paper

The velocity distribution of fragments from impact disruption was experimentally determined as a step toward better understanding of the collisional evolution of planetary bodies. Ejection velocity and rotational frequency of fragments larger than approximately 1 mm were investigated by taking 16 mm pictures. Basalt, alumina, and gypsum spheres of 4 cm to approximately 8 cm in diameter were shattered by nylon spheres 7 mm in diameter at velocity of 1 km sec(exp -1) to approximately 4 km sec(exp -1). In order to investigate the velocity of fine fragments 1 micrometer to approximately 100 micrometers in size, new impact disruption experiments of basalt blocks were performed, where thin films and foils were exposed to the ejecta as a secondary target. The velocity of fragments was estimated by the size distribution of holes perforated on the secondary target. A comprehensive compilation of velocity data is proposed. The results are reported with emphasis on the relation to the dimension of the fragments. For large fragments of the three target materials, similar relations between the velocity in the center of mass system and the size are obtained. The velocity dispersion of a given fragment size is within about one order of magnitude. The slopes of log-log relations of the velocity versus the size range from -1 to -1/2. Although the size-velocity relation of smaller fragments depends on the ejection angle, the results suggest that the systematic relation of mm- to approximately cm-sized fragments can be extrapolated to smaller sized fragments. The rotational frequency decreases with increasing size of the fragment. It is shown that the laboratory data and data on the crate ring on the Moon can be conformed to a single dimensionless size-velocity relation, V(s) = V* (Y,rho,C) (s/a)(exp -xi) (1/2 less than or equal to xi less than or equal to 1), where V(s), V* (Y,rho,C), Y, rho, C, and a denote the representative velocity of fragments of size s, a function with dimension of velocity, strength of the target, target density, sound velocity of the target, and the size of the projectile, respectively.

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