Other
Scientific paper
Feb 1998
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1998aipc..422..225m&link_type=abstract
Instrumentation in elementary particle physics. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 422, pp. 225-234 (1998).
Other
Calorimeters, Cryogenics, Refrigerators, Low-Temperature Detectors, And Other Low-Temperature Equipment
Scientific paper
There is ample observational evidence that the Universe is dominated by dark matter that does not radiate or absorb electromagnetic energy at any observed wavelength. Somewhat more tenuous arguments require that the majority of this dark matter does not consist of baryons. The nature of the ``non-baryonic dark matter'' is unknown, but one conjecture is that it consists of WIMPs, or Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, with the favored candidate being the lightest supersymmetric particle, the neutralino, with a mass somewhere between 1-1000 GeV. Given a mass, the density and velocity are constrained by astrophysical observations, so it becomes reasonable to attempt direct detection of the particles. The primary interaction with matter is expected to be elastic scattering from nuclei, and one detection approach is to measure the recoil energy of the nucleus by the increase in detector temperature that it produces. This is practical in detectors with masses of hundreds of grams operated at millikelvin temperatures, and at least four major efforts along these lines are well under way.
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