Ultra-High Precision CCD Photometry

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Charge Coupled Devices, Errors, Photometry, Precision, Astrophysics, Modems, Pixels, Point Spread Functions, Quantum Efficiency, Signal To Noise Ratios

Scientific paper

Many applications in modem observational astrophysics require ultra-high-precision charged coupled device (CCD) photometry. Photometry at these levels of precision (less that 1 %) enters into a new regime of usage for CCD detectors and, as such, has numerous associated error sources previously unconsidered. In this paper, we discuss some of these error sources that have been previously ignored or were unknown until CCD photometric precisions entered into the range of 0.1% or better. We consider how the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of a CCD measurement may be improved and look at the problems associated with undersampling of point spread functions, nonlinearities in the CCD response, flat-field issues, intra-pixel quantum efficiency variations, and finally de-focused images. All of these effects are likely to be error sources at ultra-high-precision levels, yet few of them have had quantitative studies performed at the detailed levels required.

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