Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
1993-11-29
Physica D77 (1994) 354
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
38 pages, plain Latex, figures and postscript available by anonymous ftp to arcturus.mit.edu, proceedings of CNLS 13, preprint
Scientific paper
10.1016/0167-2789(94)90145-7
This article reviews the prevailing paradigm for how galaxies and larger structures formed in the universe: gravitational instability. Basic observational facts are summarized to motivate the standard cosmological framework underlying most detailed investigations of structure formation. The observed universe approaches spatial uniformity on scales larger than about $10^{26}$ cm. On these scales gravitational dynamics is almost linear and therefore relatively easy to relate to observations of large-scale structure. On smaller scales cosmic structure is complicated not only by nonlinear gravitational clustering but also by nonlinear nongravitational gas dynamical processes. The complexity of these phenomena makes galaxy formation one of the grand challenge problems of the physical sciences. No fully satisfactory theory can presently account in detail for the observed cosmic structure. However, as this article summarizes, significant progress has been made during the last few years.
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