Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Jun 1995
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1995a%26a...298l..17w&link_type=abstract
Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.298, p.L17
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
39
Sun, Sunspots, Evershed Effect
Scientific paper
The line asymmetry of the Evershed effect shows up as a distinct "line kink" if observed along the penumbral filaments, i.e. in center-side penumbrae of spots at θ>=65deg. The kink can be explained by a superposition of a main component from the bright penumbral structures with a line satellite from the dark structures shifted by >=5km/s. The gas flow shows a gradient of 0.8km/s per 100km height. The flow is just strong enough to yield a maximum Doppler shift of the line satellite slightly larger than the line halfwidths. Any inclination of the line-of-sight with respect to the structures reduces the distance of the satellite. The kink is therefore absent in limb-side penumbrae and in spots at smaller viewing angles. In such cases, the superposition produces a "smooth" asymmetry without a kink and a line core shift of up to 0.8km/s. Larger core shifts occasionally observed indicate additional motions in the bright structures of the order of the proper motions of bright penumbral grains. This picture removes the contradictions in explaning the asymmetry and the core-shift of different lines in terms of velocity gradients.
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