Jun 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002psrd.repte..60t&link_type=abstract
Planetary Science Research Discoveries
Other
Mars, Ice, Gamma Ray Spectrometer, Mars Odyssey
Scientific paper
The gamma-ray and neutron spectrometers onboard the orbiting 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft have detected strong signals from hydrogen quite close to the Martian surface. The concentration of hydrogen is so large that it must be in the form of ice. The amount of ice in the upper meter or so begins to rise at about -60 degrees latitude and continues to increase toward the South Pole. Detailed analysis of the data indicates that the ice-rich layer resides beneath a hydrogen-poor upper layer. The thickness of the upper layer decreases from about 75 cm at -42 degrees to about 20 cm at -77 degrees. The amount of ice in the lower layer is between 20 and 50 wt% (weight percent), with a best estimate of 35 wt%. Because ice is much less dense than mineral grains, this translates to more ice than rock by volume. It's dirty ice. The results were reported in papers by William Boynton (University of Arizona) and the gamma-ray team, by William Feldman (Los Alamos National Laboratory) and others, and Igor Mitrofanov (Russian Space Research Institute) and others.
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