Development of neutron shields for gamma-ray telescopes in space and observation of galactic center sources by a balloon-borne gamma-ray telescope, GRATIS

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First, this thesis introduces the supershield—a new shield concept to address the neutron-induced background problem for future gamma-ray telescopes in space. Neutron-induced background has become increasingly important, as detector/active-shield technology improves. We model the basic designs of supershields by Monte Carlo simulations and verify the performance of supershields through laboratory experiments. We also discuss their future applications. Second, this thesis presents the observational results of Galactic Center X-ray sources by a balloon-borne gamma- ray telescope, GRATIS. GRATIS is a narrow field-of-view, coded-aperture imaging telescope, sensitive to 20 200 keV photons. We introduce photon folding —a new imaging technique for non-focusing telescopes. We show the detailed procedure for the GRATIS data analysis and apply the photon-folding technique to the GRATIS data. We present the spectral and imaging results of the GRATIS observation on 1E 1740.7-2942, GRS 1758-258, and 4U 1700- 377. We also discuss the implication of the results for the X-ray emission mechanism of these sources.

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