Other
Scientific paper
Jan 1983
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1983lastr..97...15d&link_type=abstract
L'Astronomie, vol. 97, Jan. 1983, p. 15-26. In French.
Other
Gas Giant Planets, Grand Tours, Interplanetary Trajectories, Orbit Calculation, Planetary Orbits, Elliptical Orbits, Pioneer 10 Space Probe, Pioneer 11 Space Probe, Planetary Gravitation, Transfer Orbits, Voyager 1 Spacecraft, Voyager 2 Spacecraft
Scientific paper
The astronautical achievements necessary for guiding Pioneer 10 and 11 and Voyager I and II to the giant planets are reviewed. The spacecraft were equipped with rocket exhausts for both orbital corrections and revolution about their axis. Calculations for the Hohmann transfer orbit are performed, noting that the most efficient trajectory to Jupiter is elliptical, and that the launch dates were strictly circumscribed by the condition that the heliocentric position of Jupiter was necessarily 97 deg longitudinally greater than earth's at the launch. Considerations given to the transition of the dominant gravitational force from the sun to Jupiter are described, together with the calculation procedures. The encounters of each planetary body (and their moons) by each of the probes is detailed. The benefits of gravity assists for gaining velocity are outlined, and the bext favorable window for another grand tour is identified in the 1993-1997 interval
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