Validation of Gomos High Resolution Temperature Data with the U. Bonn Lidar at the Esrange During January and February 2003

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The Bonn University lidar is located at the Esrange (68 N, 21 E) in northern Sweden, near the city of Kiruna. During January/February 2003 a measurement campaign for the validation of Mipas, Gomos, and Sciamachy data was performed. During 27 measurement runs a total of nearly 300 hours integration time was accumulated. Most of the measurements could be used for the calculation of temperature profiles in the aerosol-free part of the atmosphere, which is above 30 km altitude. For the period August 2002 to February 2003 we received 261 Gomos files containing high-resolution temperature (HRT) data, processed with the ESA operational software GOPR LV2/6.0a for the Esrange location. After removing all data that are flagged as invalid by the processor, we were left with 103 files. The range of values encountered in these files are: tangent point distances from the lidar range from 55 km to 752 km, altitudes range from 5 km to 46.5 km, temperatures range from 79 K to 432 K, and temperature errors range from 3 K to 4650 K. A number of these temperature values and associated errors exceed the expected extremes in the middle atmosphere. Out of these 103 Gomos temperature profiles we could use 25 profiles for validation. Selection criteria were the simultaneous spatial and temporal coincidence of the Gomos and lidar measurements. The time window was met, when the lidar measurements started or ended within one hour around the Gomos measurement time. We used two space windows. The first window comprised all data within 500 km of the Esrange (in total 21 profiles) and the second window consisted of all profiles within 1000 km of the Esrange (in total 25 data-sets). We interpolated the lidar data to the Gomos altitudes. The comparison of all available Gomos-Lidar temperature pairs in the altitude range 30 to 40 km showed mean values for the temperature difference of 10.1 K and 7.4 K in the 500 km and 1000 km tangent point range windows, respectively. A t-test revealed that these differences cannot be attributed to chance, but must be real. The respective median differences are 6.5 K and 4.5 K, while the modes are 4 K for both ranges. The discrepancies of mean, median, and mode values indicate that the histogram of differences is asymmetric, which hints at systematic errors as cause for the differences. The Gomos high-resolution temperatures do not agree on average with the lidar temperatures for the available data-set.

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