HCN Observations of Four High Redshift Galaxies and QSOs

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Scientific paper

We present here sensitive new HCN(1-0) observations of four high-redshift galaxies including two submillimeter (submm) galaxies and two QSOs with the VLA. We have marginally detected (at the 3-4σ level) HCN(1-0) emission in submm galaxy SMM J16359+6612, thanks to the highly magnified gravitational lens and the widely separated lens components, once the three lens components are stacked in the image domain. The HCN source appears to be double with a separation of ≤ 2''$ (barely resolved), consistent with the the spatial offset of the two CO velocity components, the optical and near-IR morphologies, the double-horn CO profiles, and other circumstantial merger evidences. Our new HCN observations, combined with previous HCN detections and upper limits, strongly constrain the HCN/CO ratios at high-redshift to be comparable to that of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). We also show that the FIR--HCN correlation established in local star-forming galaxies extends to high-redshift with same scatter though the FIR/HCN ratios in these high-redshift sources appear systematically higher than that of local galaxies and ULIRGs.

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