Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Oct 1958
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1958phrv..112..589p&link_type=abstract
Physical Review, vol. 112, Issue 2, pp. 589-596
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
18
Scientific paper
A model interplanetary magnetic field is described which may explain some features of solar cosmic-ray increases and also fluctuations in the primary radiation. The main features are as follows: (1) A chromospheric "explosion" occurs at the time of a flare in gas permeated by the sunspot field. The gas, linked with magnetic flux <~1021 gauss cm2, is ejected from the vicinity of the sun. (2) The gas and field remain linked and the latter is so distorted that solar cosmic-rays are released ~ 1/4 -1 hour after the flare. (3) The trailing radial field is drawn out past the earth's orbit to form a magnetic cone with closed ends. The life of the interplanetary field is at least a few months and a number of segments may be built up from different spot fields. The general field may contribute, being extended to largely radial form by a general outward movement of gas. (4) Cosmic rays released after one flare may be influenced by the radial field resulting from a previous flare associated with the same, or perhaps a different, spot group. (5) On February 23, 1956, the magnetic cone enclosing the earth contained irregularities separated by ~0.5 astronomical unit, capable of deflecting 15-Bev protons up to ~20° and completely scattering 1.5-Bev protons. Cosmic-ray diffusion was anisotropic, the rate being ~65 times greater along the field than across the field. The main features of the solar increase may be explained by such a field. (6) Some observed variations of primary cosmic radiation (Forbush-type decreases, 27-day and diurnal variations) may be qualitatively explained by the model. (7) The model may explain auroras in terms of ions of intermediate energy (~105ev) transported from the sun in the magnetic cone which reaches the earth in a day or two and may inclose it for many days or weeks.
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