The ancient oxygen exosphere of Mars: Implications for atmosphere evolution

Computer Science

Scientific paper

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Exosphere, Gas Density, Ionopause, Mars (Planet), Mars Atmosphere, Oxygen, Altitude, Charge Exchange, Estimates, Ionization, Losses, Sputtering

Scientific paper

This study involves the calculation, by the 2-stream method of Nagy and Cravens, of 'hot' oxygen exosphere density profiles for 'ancient' atmospheres and ionospheres (e.g., different extreme ultraviolet fluxes) and the associated escaping fluxes. We computed the total production rates above different 'nominal' ionopause altitudes (not taking into account the fact that some will reenter the atmosphere). We do not consider the additional neutral escape due to the sputtering process described by Luhmann and Kozyra. The results presented here thus represent conservative estimations of the neutral escape fluxes, but generous estimates of ion loss rates (except that here we do not consider charge exchange and impact ionization ion production processes). Further work along the lines of Luhmann and Kozyra can lead to estimates of sputtering losses over time and the roles played by impact ionization and charge exchange.

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