The Parallaxes and Proper Motions of Two Nearby Neutron Stars

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Hst Proposal Id #9976

Scientific paper

We propose to measure the parallax of two nearby neutron stars to the highest possible level of accuracy, ~.0.5 mas. The primary goal is to determine the neutron-star radius at infinity with better than 1 km precision, and therewith obtain a direct constraint on the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density. The required flux and temperature determinations are easiest for the so-called isolated or radio-quiet neutron stars because of their apparently completely thermal spectrum. We argue that the importance of the possible results warrants a study to the best possible level of the best possible sources, and request 24 orbits for the two brightest isolated neutron stars, RX J1856.5-3754 and RX J0720.4-3125. We will also determine whether the enigmatic RX J0720.4-3125 is an old magnetar or an accreting source, based on its luminosity and proper motion.

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