A Study of Thermonuclear Deflagration Waves in Magnetically Confined Deuterium-Tritium Plasmas.

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Scientific paper

The structures and propagation speeds of fusion deflagration waves in magnetically confined, deuterium -tritium plasmas are studied. A one dimensional, time dependent numerical code is used. The code comprises a set of finite difference equations based on multi-fluid and magneto-hydrodynamic equations together with detailed treatments of alpha particle energy deposition and radiative energy transfer. The code incorporates a multigroup calculation to determine the energy deposition in the plasma from fusion reaction-generated alpha particles. The code includes bremsstrahlung losses and electron synchrotron radiation transport. Classical plasma thermal conductivity and finite resistivity coefficients are employed. Plasmas with ion densities ranging from 5 times 1019 to 5 times 1020 m^{-3} and magnetic fields ranging from 1.25 to 10 T are studied. It is found that fusion deflagration waves with well defined structures form and propagate through the plasma. The wave front typically has a thickness approximately equal to 8 to 10 fusion alpha particle gyro radii. The speed of wave propagation is well approximated by an expression, rm vf(m/s) = 1.3 times 10^ {-21}niB+ u, where n_{rm i} is the ion particle density (m^{-3}), B is the magnetic field strength (T), and u is the fluid velocity of the plasma, which is related to the expansion caused by fusion heating. An elementary analysis provides the form of the wave speed equation and the results from the code provide the numerical constant. The analysis indicates the wave propagation speed is approximately equal to the distance over which a fusion alpha particle deposits its energy, multiplied by fusion power per unit volume available to heat the region of the plasma ahead of the wave front, divided by the product of the volumetric specific heat of the plasma and the temperature rise from background to ignition.

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