Orbits for meridian observation

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Earth Orbits, Satellite Ground Tracks, Satellite Orbits, Latitude, Longitude, Reference Systems

Scientific paper

The concept of meridian orbits, as the class of orbits whose ground traces are nearly perpendicular to the equator, is introduced, and the necessary conditions are derived. It is shown by a proper choice of semi-major axis and inclination, that it is possible to maintain the ground trace along the reference meridian up to a certain latitude. The deviations of the ground trace from the reference meridian are analyzed. Design graphs are provided for orbit selection, and a typical orbit selection procedure is presented. Finally, it is shown that these meridian orbits can effectively be used for data collection over a given meridian up to a latitude of + or - 60 degrees.

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