On the Origin of Coronal Shocks

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Type II bursts represent the passage of a shock wave through the tenuous plasma of the solar corona. Their exact origin has not been unambiguously determined, although they are associated with eruptive phenomena and are identified either with a flare blast wave or with a CME forward shock or with a shock driven by the flanks of a CME. We investigate the location of the shock formation and its association with flares and/or CMEs by studying the properties of three Type II radio bursts associated with eruptions that occurred relatively close to the limb where the influence of projection effects is rather small. The Type II bursts were identified in 110-687 MHz range observations of the ARTEMIS-IV Solar Radio spectrograph and observed simultaneously with the Nancay Radioheliograph (NRH). The NRH makes images of the Sun at several fixed frequencies between 150 and 432 MHz, and our events could be mapped at two or three of its frequencies, allowing us to determine the propagation of the shocks in the low corona. The information provided by the radio data combined with observations of the associated flares and CMEs by space-borne instruments has been used to constrain the shock wave kinematics and discuss whether they were flare-ignited or CME-driven.

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