Supernova Emission from Circumstellar Interaction

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A number of Type II supernovae (e.g. SN 1979C and SN 1980K) have recently been observed optically at an age of about 10 years, which requires a late power source. Other supernovae (e.g. SN 1988Z) have shown strong emission lines and a slow decline at early times, again requiring a power source other than radioactivity. It is likely that circumstellar interaction is the power source in both cases. We estimate the X-ray emission from the circumstellar interaction region, taking into account a possible early radiative cooling phase for the supernova ejecta. With the X-ray and ultraviolet spectrum as input, the ionization and emission from the supernova ejecta are then calculated. Other types of data, especially at radio wavelengths, are used to specify the parameters. With this model, we are generally able to account for the above observations. In the case of SN 1988Z, the observations suggest that the circumstellar interaction is asymmetric.

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