Non-stationary Electron-positron Cascade in the Polar Cap of a Pulsar

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Many previously proposed models for polar cap cascades (and almost all quantitative models) assumed stationary particle outflow. Predictions of such models disagree with both observational data (e.g. the number of electron-positron pairs in the Crab nebula is 100 higher than predicted) and results of numerical models of force-free pulsar magnetosphere (the current density required to support force-free magnetosphere differs substantially from what stationary model for PC cascade predicts). On the other hand, the stability of stationary models has not been quantitatively studied. I decided to study the problem from the first principles, namely to model the accelerating electric field, particle acceleration and pair production simultaneously. In order to do this I developed a hybrid Particle-In-Cell -- Monte Carlo code for direct self-consistent time-dependent modeling of polar cap cascades. In this talk I'll
discuss problems of the "standard" pulsar model, describe my approach to the problem, and report on first results of cascade modeling.

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