The initial phase of a solar flare

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Solar Flares, Solar Maximum Mission, Clouds, Electron Beams, Shock Waves, Solar Corona, Solar X-Rays

Scientific paper

Characteristics of the impulsive phase of a solar flare as determined from SMM data are summarized. The initial phase is marked by bursts of X and microwave radiation. The 20-30 keV X-ray photons are 10,000 times as energetic as visible energy and are accompanied by electrons traveling at 100,000 km/sec. The bursts originate in a gas heated to 20 million degrees for several minutes over a solar surface area 5000 to 10,000 km across. The two feet of a flare are sited on regions of opposite polarity thousands of kilometers apart. Flux tubes associated with the events carry currents of 10 trillion A. Gaseous clouds gathered over the feet of the flare arch in the first minutes of an X-ray burst are heated to over 50 million degrees, a temperature associated with high thermal conductivity and a decrease by a half within minutes. The 3-4 km thick clouds form just above the surface and rapidly convect into the chromosphere where, exposed to repeated burst events, they end in a coronal explosion. More data is needed to identify the source of accompanying gamma ray photons which have energies one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of the X-rays.

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