Magnetic Helicity of the Parker Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Alfvén Simple Waves

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Magnetohydrodynamics, Solar Wind, Poisson Equation, Helicity (Elementary Particles), Magnetohydrodynamics And Plasmas, Particle Emission, Solar Wind, Electrostatics, Poisson And Laplace Equations, Boundary-Value Problems, Current Drive, Helicity Injection

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We discuss the relative magnetic helicity of (a) the Parker [1] interplanetary spiral magnetic field, and (b) multi-dimensional simple Alfvén waves in the solar wind. We discuss the different forms of the magnetic vector potential A using either (a) the Coulomb gauge associated with solving a Poisson equation for A, in which the current acts as a source, (b) by using the homotopy form of A or (c) using a poloidal-toroidal decomposition of the magnetic field B. For the Parker field, we show that the relative helicity for a hemispherical volume north of the current sheet is negative, and the relative helicity for a similar volume south of the current sheet is positive. The relative helicity is also calculated in terms of the linkage of the poloidal and toroidal magnetic flux. These results extend the results of Bieber et al. [2] on the magnetic helicity of the Parker field, and are related to the helicity injection rate into the solar wind determined by Berger and Ruzmaikin [3]. Similar methods are used to determine the magnetic helicity for fully nonlinear Alfvén waves in the solar wind for which the magnetic field B has a constant magnitude, and the hodograph of B moves on a sphere. The solutions have |B| = const. hodographs, similar to nonlinear Alfvén waves observed in the solar wind by Bruno et al. [4], Roberts and Goldstein [5] and Gosling et al. [6]. Both shear and 2D torsional Alfvén waves are investigated.

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