Vikings rest during Mars' conjunction

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Mars Photographs, Mars Surface, Viking Lander Spacecraft, Landing Sites, Photomapping, Planetary Evolution, Planetary Meteorology, Rocks, Soil Science, Soils, Viking Lander 2

Scientific paper

Results of investigations carried out by the Viking landers prior to Mars' superior conjunction beginning on Nov. 25, 1976, are discussed along with some experiments planned for the landers after conjunction. It is shown that the results of the biology experiments are positive to some extent but inconclusive because effects of possible biological activity cannot be distinguished from those of nonbiological chemical reactions and no organic molecules have been found in soil samples. Attempts to obtain soil samples from beneath rocks are described. The meteorological experiments conducted at the two landing sites reveal that the weather patterns at Viking 2's landing site in Utopia Planitia are less complex than at Viking 1's in Chryse Planitia, that Utopia is a few degrees cooler than Chryse, and that surface pressures at the Utopia site are somewhat higher, indicating that Viking 2 is about 1.3 km below the level of Viking 1. Daily temperature profiles at the Chryse site and at China Lake, Calif., (in the Mohave Desert) are compared and found to be quite similar. An investigation of the magnetic properties of the soil around Viking 1 shows that the soil contains 3% to 7% magnetic material, a large fraction of which may be magnetite. Planned postconjunction activities noted include an attempt to obtain a soil sample from a depth of 30 cm for the gas-exchange experiment.

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