The role of magnetic forces in sunspot equilibrium

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Magnetic Effects, Magnetic Field Configurations, Solar Magnetic Field, Sunspots, Dynamic Stability, Elliptical Polarization, Force-Free Magnetic Fields, Magnetic Flux, Zeeman Effect

Scientific paper

Results are presented of detailed measurements to determine the configuration of the magnetic field over a large sunspot, using the Oxford 35-m solar telescope and 11-m spectroscope. The heliographic direction of the magnetic vector and the field strength are derived from measurements of Zeeman split lines in the 5250 A region for more than 200 points specified by solar latitude and longitude. The field strength observations and the horizontal forces in stable regions of sunspots are discussed, and the results show that the magnetic field cannot be force-free, at least in the penumbra. A clear indication is obtained from the observations that the mechanical equilibrium of a sunspot is achieved by magnetic forces related to spot shape and size, which balance a gas pressure difference between the spot umbra and the photosphere.

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