Potential for Hydrothermal Deposits in Large Martian Impact Craters

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Investigation of environments on Mars favorable for pre-biotic chemistry or primitive life is a goal of current strategy. Deposits left by hydrothermal systems on Mars are high priority targets. Impact craters larger than 50 km in diameter should have breached local aquifers and provided sufficient heat to power hydrothermal systems. The amount of heat in craters depends on the size of the melt sheet and uplifted basement forming the central peak. The volume of melt is estimated using scaling relationships (Cintala & Grieve, 1998). The central uplift originates below the transient crater cavity and has a stratigraphic uplift of 1/10 the final crater diameter (Melosh & Ivanov, 1999). The central uplift's temperature with depth profile is estimated using a cylindrical "plug" model and adding the enthalpy profile at the time of maximum impactor penetration (O'Keefe & Ahrens, 1994) to the ambient thermal gradient. The heat from the two sources is estimated over a range of crater diameters. The next phase of this work is to model the longevity and extent of the hydrothermal systems. Cintala, H. J. & R. A. F. Grieve, Meteor. and Plan. Sci. 33, 889-912, 1998. Melosh, H. J. & B. A. Ivanov, Annual Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 385-415, 1999. O'Keefe, J. D. & T. J. Ahrens, Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 293, 103-109, 1994.

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