The Distribution of Ionised Oxygen in the Gaseous Nebulæ

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THE suggestions made by Bowen in NATURE of Oct. 1 as to the probable origin of the well-known `nebulium' doublet λλ5007, 4959, and of the strong radiations sometimes occurring at λλ3727, 9, have been confirmed by Prof. A. Fowler (NATURE, Oct. 29), and so generally accepted that it may not be premature to discuss the actual distribution of these radiations in the gaseous nebulæ on the assumption that the first doublet represents O III (twice ionised oxygen) and the second O II (once ionised oxygen). It is first of all important to note that there is no recorded evidence of the existence of the neutral atom of oxygen in the gaseous nebulæ, although some of the strongest lines, being in the extreme red, are beyond the reach of the apparatus usually employed. Neither can I find any references which support Bowen's statement that ``the [gaseous] nebulæ are known to emit the well-known spectra of highly ionised nitrogen and oxygen.'' The most exhaustive study yet published of the nebular lines is that by W. H. Wright in Lick. Obs. Pub., vol. 13, but although one line each is ascribed to neutral carbon and nitrogen, there is no identification with oxygen. On the other hand, the doublet λλ5007, 4959 is present in all cases considered, a total of 47 planetaries and the Orion nebula.

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