Cryogenic testing of stepper motors

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Cryogenic Cooling, Infrared Telescopes, Metal Fatigue, Reliability Engineering, Stepping Motors, Thermal Degradation, Axial Loads, Ball Bearings, Cases (Containers), Contraction, Cryogenic Equipment, Electrical Measurement, Failure Modes, Liquid Helium, Liquid Nitrogen, Low Temperature Tests, Lubrication, Space Infrared Telescope Facility, Torque

Scientific paper

Stepper motors may be used in several subsystems of the planned Shuttle Infrared Telescope Facility. Very high reliability is required in all considered applications. An investigation was, therefore, conducted to study the operational reliability of stepper motors, taking into account tests with a type of stepper motor which had previously performed well in uncooled spectrographic instruments. Two stepper motors were tested, in vacuum, at liquid nitrogen temperature. One motor was lubricated with a vacuum stable grease, while the other used unlubricated bearings. Both motors failed after less than 18,000 revolutions. The failure of the unlubricated motor indicated that motor modifications would have to be made to achieve operation at liquid helium temperature. The motor was modified to compensate for the magnitude of different thermal contractions. It was then found that modified stepper motors can perform reliably at LHe temperature for extended periods.

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