Validating Time-Distance Helioseismology by Use of Realistic Simulations of Solar Convection

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Recent progress in realistic simulations of solar convection have enabled us to evaluate the robustness of solar interior structures and dynamics obtained by methods of local helioseismology. We present results of testing the time-distance method using realistic simulations. By computing acoustic wave propagation time and distance relations for different depths of the simulated data, we confirm that acoustic waves propagate into the interior and then turn back to the photosphere. For the surface gravity waves (f-mode), we calculate perturbations of their travel times, caused by localized downdrafts, and demonstrate that the spatial pattern of these perturbations (representing so-called sensitivity kernels) is similar to the patterns obtained from the real Sun, displaying characteristic hyperbolic structures. We then test the time-distance measurements and inversions by calculating acoustic travel times from a sequence of vertical velocities at the photosphere of the simulated data, and inferring a mean 3D flow fields by performing inversion based on the ray approximation. The inverted horizontal flow fields agree very well with the simulated data in subsurface areas up to 3 Mm deep, but differ in deeper areas. These initial tests provide important validation of time-distance helioseismology measurements of supergranular-scale convection, illustrate limitations of this technique, and provide guidance for future improvements.

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