The Investigation of Planetary Atmospheres by Stellar Occultations

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Stellar occultations by planets and their satellites are an important and productive technique to gain information about the shape as well as about the structure of a possible atmosphere of the occulting body. Important events of the past have been the occultation of 28 SGR by Titan and of TR176, a 12m6 star, by Triton. In our report we present the technology of a mobile measuring station including the computerized IOTA Occultation Camera (IOC). The camera is a thermoelectrically cooled slow-scan computerized CCD camera with a full frame transfer CCD chip (TC 245 by Texas Instruments). Depending of the image size, up to 18 images per second can be recorded. As applications we present data of the recent TR176 event observed from 3 stations in Australia and from some Jupiter occultations as well. The TR176 data show a slightly higher temperature than expected from the Voyager fly-by. In combination with data from other stations (Brownsville, Texas) a precise astrometry could be obtained, which is the basis for precise altitude determinations. The occultation technique will be used in the next 30 years to monitor the freezing of Pluto's atmosphere due to the increasing distance from the sun and the resulting decreasing energy budget at Pluto. The advantage of the occultation method compared to other earth-bound infrared and spectrographic techniques will be discussed.

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