Towards Spectral Classification of L and T Dwarfs: Infrared and Optical Spectroscopy and Analysis

Details Towards Spectral Classification of L and T Dwarfs: Infrared and Optical Spectroscopy and Analysis Towards Spectral Classification of L and T Dwarfs: Infrared and Optical Spectroscopy and Analysis

2001-08-28

arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0108443v5

Astrophys.J.564:466,2002

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

40 pages, 14 figures, to be published in Ap.J., Jan 1, 2002

Scientific paper

10.1086/324078

We present 0.6-2.5um, R~400 spectra of twenty-seven cool, low luminosity stars and substellar objects. Based on these and previously published spectra we develop a preliminary spectral classification system for L and T dwarfs. For late L and T types the classification system is based entirely on four spectral indices in the 1-2.5um interval. Two of these indices are derived from water absorption bands at 1.15um and 1.4um, the latter of which shows a smooth increase in depth through the L and T sequences and can be used to classify both spectral types. The other two indices make use of methane absorption features in the H and K bands, with the K band index also applicable to mid to late L dwarfs. Continuum indices shortward of 1um used by previous authors to classify L dwarfs are found to be useful only through mid L subclasses. We employ the 1.5um water index and the 2.2um methane index to complete the L classification through L9.5 and to link the new system with a modified version of the 2MASS ``Color-d'' index. By correlating the depths of the methane and water absorption features, we establish a T spectral sequence from types T0 to T8, based on all four indices, which is a smooth continuation of the L sequence. We reclassify two 2MASS L8 dwarfs as L9 and L9.5 and identify one SDSS object as L9. In the proposed system methane absorption appears in the K band approximately at L8, two subclasses earlier than its appearance in the H band. The L and T spectral classes are distinguished by the absence and presence, respectively, of H band methane absorption.

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