Departures from Axisymmetry in Planetary Nebulae

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Hst Proposal Id #10304 Ism

Scientific paper

It is well known that outflows from planetary and proto-planetary nebulae often exhibit axial symmetry. What is less well known are the *departures* from axial symmetry, which need to be investigated if we are to have a complete understanding of how planetary nebulae form and evolve. A study of the departures is very timely, as 3D hydrodynamic numerical simulations are now being developed. The HST archive contains 3000 exposures of >400 different galactic planetary or proto-planetary nebulae. By measuring the departures from axisymmetry for these targets, we will learn how the departures are related to, and caused by, the physical and dynamical conditions of the nebulae and central stars. We will produce a catalog for the community that includes classifications and comparisons of the departures, and correlations with physical and dynamical properties. We will apply our results to departures from axisymmetry observed in PNe and in other types of objects, e.g., SN 1987A, Eta Carinae. We have measured asymmetries for a few sample objects; so we know we will obtain reliable, quantitative results that we {and others} will use to understand the origin of the departures from axisymmetry in a variety of objects. Long after our work on this project ends, the catalog of PN parameters will continue to benefit the wider community.

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