Interpreting the origins and evolutions of Martian basalts from pyroxene composition. II - Vibrational spectroscopy of clinopyroxenes and terrestrial basaltic rocks

Mathematics – Logic

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Mars Surface, Basalt, Pyroxenes, Vibrational Spectra, Rocks, Infrared Spectra, Olivine, Opacity, Planetary Evolution

Scientific paper

The Thermal Emission Spectrometer on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft will return thermal IR spectral data of Martian surface materials for the purposes of geological mapping. Our goal is to quickly and accurately derive the compositions of Martian basalts from these data, once spectra of the Martian surface are acquired, by examining the spectral characteristics of pyroxenes (common minerals in mafic compositions) and igneous rocks. Pyroxenes ranging in composition from augite (clinopyroxene) to low-Ca orthopyroxene have been identified on the Martian surface in studies of visible and near-IR spectroscopic data. If both ortho- and clinopyroxene are present in a rock, they may be used to establish pressure and temperature conditions of the melt. Laboratory spectroscopic studies of pyroxenes and pyroxene-bearing igneous rocks have been carried out in order to (1) characterize the spectral effects of compositional variations among pyroxenes, (2) establish the compositional differences detectable among individual pyroxene minerals using vibrational spectroscopy, and (3) determine whether pyroxene spectral features can be observed in the spectra of various mafic igneous rocks, and their abundance(s) calculated.

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